The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969) **

This has been lost for decades – and with good reason. Even Katharine Hepburn fresh from an Oscar-winning turn in The Lion in  Winter (1968) can’t save this and to be honest I’m struggling to see why anyone wanted to make it in the first place beyond newcomer Commonwealth United intent on making a splash. That it made nothing of the kind is down to a variety of reasons.

First of all, it’s clearly intended as some kind of broad satire on financiers and the kind of get-rich-quick schemes that prey on the ill-informed. Secondly, you might as well have called it Eccentrics Assemble from the number of oddballs present. Thirdly, director Bryan Forbes (King Rat, 1965) works on the principle that he doesn’t need to explain anything – least of all provide important characters with actual names – because it would all be obvious to an intelligent audience. Lastly, and possibly most important of all, since it doesn’t fit into any obvious genre it just jumps between a bunch of them, including the Absurd.

In fact, some of the better sections are driven by absurd situation or observation. Countess Aurelia – the titular madwoman – points out that the Futures market consists of buying something that doesn’t exist and selling it when it does. A policeman tries to save a man who hasn’t drowned by applying the techniques used to save a person who has drowned. You get the gist? I didn’t.

The basic story concerns a bunch of millionaires attempting to acquire the mineral rights to the land underneath Paris because The Prospector (Donald Pleasance) has discovered oil. Did he drill for it? Did tar deposits rise to the surface? Nope, he has detected the existence of oil by sampling water that has been sourced from the ground.

He involves a bunch of Disparate Anonymites, all designated by occupation or title, thus The Chairman (Yul Brynner), The Reverend (John Gavin), The General (Paul Henreid), The Commissar (Oskar Homolka) and The Broker (Charles Boyer) who spend most of the time sitting outside a café complaining.

The Broker is something of an oddity, being both entrepreneur and revolutionary, all set to direct his nephew Roderick (Richard Chamberlain) to explode a bomb in Paris. Naturally, when this plan fails what else is there for Roderick to do but fall instantly in love with waitress Irene (Nanette Newman).

If this isn’t barmy enough for you, Aurelia is stuck in the past, rereading a newspaper from decades ago, while one of her friends Constance has an invisible dog and another Gabrielle an invisible lover. You can see where this is going. If so, you’re doing better than me.

Aurelia, who gets wind of the scheme from Roderick and The Ragpicker (Danny Kaye), decides to exterminate the financiers by luring them into her cellar. Why she didn’t prevail on Roderick to provide her with another bomb to blow them up is anybody’s guess.

Anyway, before she can do the necessary luring, she conducts a mock trial, finding the financiers guilty of everything that anybody with a scintilla of sense would be fully aware of and hardly need such a heavy-handed lecture.

Everyone comes out of this with egg on their face. The only reason it doesn’t get no stars at all is that anything has to be better than Orgy for the Dead (1965) and Anora (2023) and the only reason it isn’t given the one-star rating of that picture is because Katharine Hepburn is in the cast and even though, as I said, she can’t save it, but I wouldn’t to put her in the same category as the nudie horror.

Bryan Forbes and Oscar-winning screenwriter Edward Anhalt (Becket, 1964) expanded the original play by Jean Giraudoux.

YouTube, where this is showing, clearly believed nobody would get to the end of it because it’s absolutely riddled with adverts, literally one every couple of minutes.

Twilight (1997) **

Thirty years later Paul Newman returns to the private eye genre – and finds the well dry. It’s a Hollywood trope that big stars after decades of employing every artifice in the business decide for artistic reasons to fess up and play their age. But the “tired old man” syndrome here is as much a bust as the story and the characters. Susan Sarandon couldn’t have “femme fatale” written on her face in any bigger letters and only the dumbest viewer would not guess from the outset that she had something to do with the mysterious disappearance of her first husband. It’s no surprise that this is so devoid of anything memorable that it is remembered mostly these days for Oscar-winning Reese Witherspoon getting her kit off. 

Worse, despite being second-billed, Gene Hackman hardly appears, no more than topping and tailing the picture. We also have a voice-over that’s not replete with wit but is used to fill us in on bits of the narrative that are either opaque or not obvious enough. And it falls back on the Raymond Chandler gimmick of a man bursting into a room with a gun when the narrative starts to slacken. Except the story here is so slack it’s almost immobile. And there’s just a terrible ongoing joke that everyone thinks (apparently) that Paul Newman has had his pecker shot off, which would explain his general curmudgeonly attitude.

Ex-cop private eye Harry Ross (Paul Newman) is down in Mexico to find the missing daughter Mel Ames (Reese Witherspoon) of old buddy Jack on an illegal sexscapade (she’s a minor) with Jeff (Liev Schreiber). In the process of apprehending her he drops his gun (yep, that’s how good he is at this job) and she picks it up and shoots him. Flash forward a couple of years and Harry’s retired and living in a grace-and-favor apartment supplied by a grateful Jack who is dying of cancer. Harry agrees to come out of retirement to deliver a package for Jack, which obviously contains cash for a blackmail pay-out. Come delivery time, Harry stumbles upon the corpse of another ex-cop, Lester (M. Emmet Walsh), who has continued the search for the missing husband of Jack’s current wife Catherine (Susan Sarandon), a former actress not averse to taking her clothes off onscreen.

Into the equation comes cynical cop Capt Egan (John Spencer) and Verna (Stockard Channing), another old buddy and possibly one-time girlfriend (it’s not clear). Meanwhile, Harry falls for the charms of Catherine since only the dumbest of dumb cops can’t recognize a femme fatale when she falls into his lap. Unfortunately, Jack chooses that moment to have a heart attack and quickly works out from the giveaway of Catherine racing to the rescue wearing Harry’s shirt that he’s been cuckolded.

The trail doesn’t exactly lead to another old buddy, Raymond (James Garner), but he gets involved and another red alert flashes on the screen when we learn that Jack owns a million-dollar house (multi-million dollar equivalent these days) that even in his financially-straitened condition he refuses to sell for the obvious reason – as it takes forever for the audience to discover – that the corpse of the missing husband is buried in the grounds.

Jeff, who’s done a four-year stretch for his sojourn in Mexico with Mel, has worked this out and in conjunction with parole officer Gloria (Margo Martindale) is putting the squeeze on Jack. But he’s pretty miffed with Harry and knocks him out. But he’s also as dumb as the rest of the gang and is hiding out in the unsold million-dollar house. So he’s not hard to track down. And not just by Harry but also by the aforementioned character who bursts through a door with a gun when the narrative goes slack.

So, shucks, eventually we learn what we knew from the outset, that Catherine had her first husband bumped off so she could marry Jack and he was complicit. You might not have worked out that Raymond was somehow involved but what the heck there needs to be some twist in the turgid tale.

Naturally, Harry, being a retired cop and private eye now resigned to the vagaries of life, isn’t particularly concerned with putting away Catherine and in any case, as luck would have it, turns out Verna is still sweet on him so they can walk away into the sunset.

Crikey! And this from triple Oscar-winning writer-director Robert Benton (Bonnie and Clyde, 1967 and Kramer vs Kramer 1979). If it’s intended as a parody of the genre, there ain’t much in the way of laffs and if it’s not then, sorry, that’s the way it’s turned out.

Sure it’s world-weary and all that, and Harry is a sad divorced ex-alcoholic who’s very down on his luck, and while there is some brittle dialog it’s not enough to make up for the sludge of the narrative trek.

Yep, Paul Newman (Harper, 1966) comes across as old and Gene Hackman (The Gypsy Moths, 1969) comes across as old and James Garner (Buddwing, 1966) comes across as old but is that it? Honestly? Worse, Oscar-winning Susan Sarandon comes up short in the femme fatale department. You wouldn’t figure Reese Witherspoon either as a superstar in the making. In fact, the droll Margo Martindale steals the show.

This pretty much put the tin lid on the career of Paul Newman as a top-billed star – and it’s worth pointing out that both Sean Connery and Clint Eastwood in that marquee regard went on longer – as it did on the directing career of Robert Benton.

Must’ve seemed a good idea at the time.

The Evil Eye / The Girl Who Knew Too Much (1963) ***

Don’t be taken in by claims that, since it was directed by Mario Bava, it kicked off the giallo sub-genre. More of the tropes come from mainstream horror – windows banging shut, locked doors, disembodied voices, stalkers, gaslighting, mysterious phone calls, premonition, retrocognition. And just for good measure, striking compositions that wouldn’t be out of place in an arthouse picture. But essentially it’s neo-noir – a woman can’t prove she’s witnessed a murder.

The Evil Eye was the American title, which makes little sense, although eye-popping eyes were in fashion from movies like Village of the Damned (1960), but in fact the original title of The Girl Who Knew Too Much is much more appropriate. This film is about a female character and what she discovers that threatens her life. The American version was chopped about by the distributor but, apparently, copies of that have gone astray so if locate a copy of the picture what you are likely to see if the Italian original.

American tourist Nora (Leticia Roman) is knocked out by a robber in Rome. On waking up she sees a murderer sticking a knife into a woman’s back. Only problem is – there’s no corpse to be found. But, strangely, a murder was committed on that spot a decade ago. So she might be having a vision of the past. But the murderer Straccianeve was caught.

The victim was the sister of Laura (Valentina Cortese), a new friend, whose apartment Nora temporarily occupies. There, Laura discovers newspaper clippings relating to the “alphabet killer”, a serial murderer whose victims’ surnames began with A, B, and C. Once Nora begins her investigations, it looks like she’ll be next on the list since her surname begins with “D”.  Meanwhile, she has struck a romantic vibe with Dr Marcello Bassi (John Saxon). But, of course, he might be not what he seems, sneaking off for assignations with strange women, following her.

Much of this is played out on deserted streets where the tourist sites acquire a dangerous veneer.

The finger points at journalist Landini (Dante DiPaulo), who has been following her. But he is as much a basket case as a potential murderer. He was instrumental in collecting the evidence that trapped the murderer but now believes Straccianeve was innocent.

In due course, after some more deaths, Nora traps the murderer, who comes out of left field, one of those where you think the writer has decided to pin the blame on the least likely suspect and come up with a spurious reason for the murders, so the twists pile up in helter skelter fashion at the end, including one which suggests Nora might well have the gift of seeing into the future.

Leticia Roman, in her debut, is mostly called upon to look baffled or frightened, there’s rather too much of the pop-eyes, and John Saxon (The Appaloosa, 1966) has the rare opportunity to play a hero. Valentina Cortese (Barabbas, 1961) drifts in and out of the tale. Written by future director Sergio Corbucci (Django, 1966), Oscar-winner Ennio De Concini (Divorce, Italian Style, 1963) and Eliana De Sabato (Marco Polo, 1962).

If it hadn’t been directed – and occasionally so stylishly – by Mario Bava (The Whip and the Body, 1963), it would have attracted considerably less contemporary attention. One of this main themes – the conflict between illusion and reality – is given a good airing. You can well believe that Nora is going mad. But it’s atmospheric enough and the director makes unusual use of the standard Rome tourist traps and this picture gives notice that he will move onto greater movies.

28 Years Later (2025) ** – Seen at the Cinema

The most expensive trailer ever made. Setting up in the very last scene the character of Jimmy (Jack O’Connell), straight out of Peaky Blinders, and his gang, who, presumably, are the main characters of the sequel. And, for sure, they are a big improvement on the iodine-doused philosophy-spouting Dr Kelson (Ralph Fiennes) who has built the skull pillar used in all the advertising.

This is the kind of horror film that doesn’t just want to be another zombie picture. You can argue that the “infected” once killed do stay dead but they don’t appear to be aware that most of the time they rampage around just like zombies, so it’s a fairly moot point. Meanwhile, the director makes umpteen points about conservation in a Fisherman’s Friend type of village where the one thing, judging from the party scene, they are never going to run out of is home-made booze. Despite the conservation message, the survivors are happy to desecrate the forests for fuel.

You could have the written the plot on a pinhead. Young lad Spike (Alfie Williams) makes his bones killing an infected. Not that hard since it’s the size of a giant slug and can hardly move. The conservation message seems lost on young Spike since he burns some essential house to the ground to create a diversion, something so essential it’s going to make the guards guarding the causeway abandon their posts while he escapes the village.

And although, nearly three decades on from the original adventures in this saga, the world has changed – would you believe it, there’s such a thing as mobile phones and cosmetic surgery (information drop courtesy of a wandering shipwrecked Swedish sailor) – it seems that breast cancer was also unknown back in the day and Jamie’s addled mother Isla (Jodie Comer) is so addled that even in her moments of clarity hasn’t realized that those strange lumps all over her body are cancer.

Anyways, luckily, she’s an obliging soul and rather than put her son through the agony of watching her dying, she elects for assisted dying, courtesy of the good doctor. And boy that kid is some kid, and in the barmiest scene in the whole movie, goes along with the barmy notion that he let the doc chop off his mum’s head and boil up her skull so he (Spike, that is) can stick it atop the skull pyramid.

Did I mention there was a baby? My guess is Jodie Comer took the part on the basis of the scene where she bonds with the pregnant infected woman, helping her through her incredibly speedy labor, presumably speedy birth being an unknown side effect of infection.

Another side effect is that infected babies don’t cry, which is heck of a useful when you are trying to hide in the woods or the wilderness from the scavenging monsters, including the aptly-named Samson, who can tear heads (and attached spinal column) off with his bare hands and since he is permitted to survive my guess is he’s turn up again in the sequel.

The baby might even be some nod to virgin birth for all I know, the only child born uninfected. I only mention that because as well as the cod philosophy there’s a dose of cod spirituality, the Angel of the North statue brought into the equation for no apparent reason.

Aaron Taylor-Johnson, at one point a contender for the vacant James Bond slot, does very little except roister and upset his son by indulging in a bit of adultery. It’s all very Robin Hood what with the emphasis on bow-and-arrow as the weapon of choice, and just to show how effective they are in case we’re not paying attention and seeing how easily they kill off the infected punters, every now and then director Danny Boyle chucks in a clip from I guess Henry V which shows how effective a hail of arrows can be, though anyone paying attention to any Ridley Scott historical picture would be aware of this.

There’s a note on immigration as well. Britain is quarantined, so no Brits can emigrate abroad, European patrol boats operating in the North Sea and presumably the English Channel to deter anyone setting off in a dinghy, the opposite of the current situation.

Waste of an otherwise talented cast – Jodie Comer (The Last Duel, 2021), Aaron Taylor- Johnson (Kraven the Hunter, 2024) and Alfie Williams in his big role debut.

Directed by Danny Boyle (Yesterday, 2019) and written by Alex Garland (Civil War, 2024) too determined to make points at the expense of going to the trouble of creating an involving story.

Complete absence of thrills, I’m afraid, and too much preaching.

The Animals / Five Savage Men (1971) ***

Every now and then I get a notion to see what happened to  ingénues who made an initial splash. In El Dorado (1967) there were three. We all know how James Caan’s career panned out though he had a tricky time of it working his way through low-budgeters like Submarine X-1 (1968) and Journey to Shiloh (1968) graduating to arthouse flops like The Rain People (1969) before making his box office bones in The Godfather (1972). Christopher George I’ve had a look at in The Thousand Plane Raid (1969) and another picture tomorrow.

Michele Carey, James Caan’s squeeze in the Henry Hathaway western, didn’t have the same luck or anyone showing her anything like the same perseverance in her talent. So when I came across this item it looked as if she had found her first top-billed role and since it also featured cult figures Henry Silva (Johnny Cool, 1969) and Keenan Wynn (Point Blank, 1967) I reckoned it was worth a peak.

It was the first rape-revenge movie, with the victim hunting down her attackers, a subgenre that picked up more heft when Raquel Welch headlined Hannie Caulder later that year. But it also seems close cousin to Will Penny (1968) and The Stalking Moon (1969) where the inarticulate make a connection. There’s also racism, “filthy heathen” Native Americans automatically landed with blame, and a rape every bit as savage as Straw Dogs (1971) and an ironically raw ending. But there’s also bits missing, either edited out or never filmed in the first place, leaving large gaps in the narrative failing to explain how the hunters manage to track down the hunted who have ridden off to disparate places. In fact, there’s two sets of hunters, the second bunch not quite sure who it is they’re chasing.

Schoolteacher Alice (Michele Carey) is on the same stagecoach as prisoner Pudge (Keenan Wynn) when it is bushwhacked by the outlaw’s four-strong gang. Everyone else is slaughtered but Pudge and his men make off with sacks of gold and the woman. Staking her out they take turns raping her and then leave her to die.

Native American Chatto (Henry Silva) saves her, nurses her back to health, kits her out in fresh hand-made clothing and teaches her how to fire a rifle, in the course of which romance burgeons (though you might wonder, psychologically, if it’s too soon for a woman raped five times to want anything to do with a man).

Meanwhile, a posse headed by Sheriff Pierce (John Anderson) is searching for the missing stagecoach. When they find the remains of Alice’s clothing and the stakeout, the assumption is this was the work of the Apaches. Since the running time is a lean 84-minutes, Chatto and Alice make short work of tracking down the outlaws, who have, by this point, not yet split up.

Catching them unawares, they, for reasons best known to the screenwriter, allow most of them to escape. Alice, whose marksmanship is not quite up to the mark, nonetheless is capable of putting a bullet in a barrel of gunpowder. One down, four to go.

The sheriff does them a good turn and apprehends the next outlaw (they’ve split up by now) and is questioning him about Pudge when the couple appear and Alice, with vastly improved marksmanship, shoots him from a longer range. The posse, which had previously proved adept at tracking, allows the pair to escape.

In due course, Alice and companion manage to find all the others bar Pudge, one meeting his end on a toilet seat, blasted by his own shotgun, little marksmanship required by her there. Pudge has had the clever notion of hiding out in plain sight by signing on as a cowhand for a herd on the move. Still, for reasons undiscerned, Alice finds him asleep in the dead of night. He’s apprehended, whisked away, but escapes and it’s left to Chatto to bring him back. Pudge is staked out and Alice cuts off his testicles, though she’s kind of shocked at her own savagery. Chatto puts the murdering rapist out of his misery.

But the posse, which for unexplained reasons, happens to be passing, hears the gunshots and comes across Alice in a state of shock beside the Apache hovering over the corpse. The sheriff shoots Chatto while she does nothing to save him. Which is a hell of a note, even given her state of shock, but maybe shacking up with an Apache was deemed worse than being raped by white men and maybe she did that just to ensure she had a protector.

There may be an even more ironic ending being hinted at because – as the camera pulls back from the dead man and the shocked woman and the posse – into view comes a tribe of Apaches watching.

So quite an odd one, good use of the widescreen, but too many scenes of just horsemen riding, and little in the way of characterization. Worth it to see the really nasty side of Keenan Wynn and Henry Silva at his most monosyllabic hero. Hard to put your finger on what’s amiss with Michele Carey’s performance. She could be playing numb, as she had every right to do, given the treatment she endured, but she doesn’t give much away emotionally even when taking revenge or when not saving her savior.

Director Ron Joy only made this one picture as did screenwriter Richard Bakalyan, better known as an actor. The rape scene is well done, filmed from Alice’s POV, a jumble of male faces straining up close, so less of an actress ordeal than Straw Dogs, though the mauling and pawing prior to the act must have been hard for an actress to take.

But you do have to wonder at the filming of this scene – as with The General’s Daughter (1999) – of the real-life vulnerability of the actress and, setting aside any acting skill, the possibility of her feeling humiliated, staked out stark naked not just for the perpetrators to slaver over but the entire (most likely male) crew.

Didn’t prove a breakout out role for Michele Carey. She didn’t make another movie for six years and then it was a bit part in The Choirboys (1977).

Currently on YouTube.

Behind the Scenes: Selling The Western As Art: The Pressbook for “The Sons of Katie Elder” (1965)

“Don’t ever make the mistake of looking down your nose at westerns. They’re art,” said John Wayne in probably the most provocative statement he ever made about the genre, especially given this was the mid-1960s, and outside of a few accepted classics mostly of the John Ford vintage plus perhaps High Noon (1952), few American critics were taking that line.  

“Sure, they’re simple,” said Duke, reinforcing the message, “But simplicity is art. They’re made of the same raw material Homer used. In Europe they understand that better than we do over here. They recognize their relationship to the old Greek stories that are classics. But I don’t think that’s the reason they love ‘em.”

“We love ‘em, too, but not because of anything we stop to think about.” Clearly, the Big Man had given this some thought and had analyzed the genre. “A horse is the greatest vehicle for action there is. Planes, automobiles, trains, they’re great, but when it comes to getting the audience’s heart going, they can’t touch a horse.”

(These comments were made prior, of course, to the likes of the vehicle-driven Bullitt and The French Connection and the disaster movies that started with Airport, but let’s not allow that to take away from his point.)  

“He’s basic, too,” continued Wayne. “Put a man on him and you’ve got the makings of something magnificent – physical strength, speed where you can see and feel it, heroism. And the hero, he’s big and strong. You pit another big strong man against him with both their lives at stake and there’s a simplicity of conflict you can’t beat.

“Maybe we don’t tell it with poetry like Homer did but in one way we’ve even got him beat. We never let Hector turn tail and run from Achilles. There’s got to be a showdown.

“Westerns are folklore, just the same as The Iliad is. And folklore is international. Our westerns have the same appeal in Germany and Japan and South America and Greece that they have in this country.”

I’m not sure how much of this made it into the newspapers for which it was intended. John Wayne spouting on about art was not the kind of headline newspaper editors thought the public wanted to read. But this is far and away the most interesting piece I’ve ever read in a Pressbook so someone must have caught Duke on a good day for him to open up so much.

As it happened, producer Hal Wallis was on the same page. “Good westerns,” he said, “are a legitimate art form.” Wallis had more critical plaudits than Wayne, his previous picture Becket (1964) clocking up a raft of Oscar nominations and himself twice winner of the Irving G. Thalberg award.

This was a fairly hefty Pressbook/Merchandising Manual promoting one of Paramount’s biggest pictures of the year. It ran to 20-pages of A3 including a thick glossy cover plus an extra 2pp miniature herald. The section devoted to the stars and promotional ideas is larger  than usual, running to over two-thirds of the total.

In part this is because Wayne is so voluble. He’s given two articles on the first two pages. In the other article, he assesses what he’s looking for in a character.

“He’s usually outside the law as its written in the books,” explained Wayne, “but that’s not always his fault and anyway it’s not easy for him to cross back over the line but meanwhile he’s doing his best. He’s a man of his place and time, and maybe a victim of circumstance or past mistakes. But he’s living by a moral code of his own just as rigid in its fashion as the one in the books.

“Like in Katie Elder I kill a few guys but I’ve already notified ‘em I’m going to do it just as soon as I can get the goods on ‘em. Because they’re crooks and murderers and they’re out to get me as well as some other folks and what I’m doing is serving justice the only way a man in my position can do it. Nobody says the end justifies the means or anything like that because it never does. And that’s why I say I don’t play heroes – good guys. I’m not what you’d call a villain either. But one thing I make sure of – the guys I play are believable human beings.”

The other article is the more quotable, I guess. But that’s not the only meat in the Pressbook. As usual, some of what’s written is intended for features, others for snippets. For example, wardrobe man Frank Beetson reveals the secret of the much-copied shirt worn by John Wayne in all his westerns, the blue flannel number with the double-breasted ‘plaster-on’ front – it’s an old-fashioned fireman’s shirt. Female lead Martha Hyer discovered 20-year-old designer Camerena at the art school in Durango. Hyer’s wardrobe in the film is confined to gingham and such, but she is wearing three of the designer’s frocks in a photographic fashion feature for Glamour magazine.  Turns out Dean Martin is a gourmet and when what was available on the catering front was not to his taste, he arranged for Frank Sinatra to send, by air express, 40 steaks from the Las Vegas Sands while Sammy Davis Jr. obliged with rare cheese and sausages.

The marketeers had found some unusual promotional tie-ups. Coppertone, anyone? Martha Hyer was modelling the suntan lotion in an advertisement that would feature in magazines with a total circulation of 20 million. At the other end of the audience spectrum, Dell was publishing a special comic book. In addition the publisher placed ads in other comic books with a combined circulation of five million. Naturally, since westerns attracted children as much as adults, Paramount suggested cinemas run a coloring contest featuring an illustration from the movie. The studio also suggested promotional ideas themed round the idea of sons.

Behind the Scenes: Wrong, Wrong, Wrong: “Tarzan and the Great River”(1967): Pressbook

It’s easy to forget that the main purpose of the Pressbook/Marketing Manual is simply to provide a cinema manager which a range of advertisements in various sizes that they can cut out and take along to their local newspaper to be reproduced, plus a synopsis of the picture, list of the cast, billing credits and that other essential – running time. Most Pressbooks were not upscale A3 or even A2, printed in color, with fold-outs, and running to 20-plus pages with extensive cast bios, journalistic snippets and promotional ideas.

They were produced long before the movies went into release, sent out weeks or even months in advance, as a studio promotional tool, to lure cinema managers into booking the picture. Big studios employed marketing teams or farmed the job out to PR specialists before there was a finished film to view – and even that might be considered too time-consuming a task.

So there was a fair chance marketeers were working from a synopsis. And no guarantee they would even have the time to read that. For a picture like Tarzan and the Great River, there were obvious default promotional ideas – tie-ups with travel agencies, or camera stores for people to submit photos of their travels, or lobby gimmicks.

But it’s not going to help your chances if you – as the cinema manager – haven’t read the synopsis either and plan your promotional agenda on the information available in the “Exploitation Tips” section of this particular Pressbook.

Out of seven such ideas, three assume the movie is set in Africa rather than South America. So camera stores, whose managers wouldn’t have seen the synopsis either and were relying on the cinema manager’s advice, might end up asking customers to submit photos “suggesting African scenes.” Similarly, travel agencies would be instructed to “take advantage of the African background” to organise a window display “with African tour backgrounds.” You would be ordering in safari outfits for the ushers to wear or find African motifs to decorate the lobby.

Outside of these blatant errors, the advertising agency had done a good job of trying to reposition Tarzan’s public image. He was now “America’s Number One Hero” in possibly an attempt to challenge James Bond.

To interest editors, the marketers compiled a list of other athletes turned actors. Current Tarzan Mike Henry had been a “bruising line-backer” with the Los Angeles Rams and the Pittsburgh Steels. The villain of Tarzan and the Great River is played by decathlon champion Rafer Johnson. John Wayne and Jim Brown had also been pro footballers.

Babe Ruth put in  a screen appearance, playing himself, in Pride of the Yankees (1942) starring Gary Cooper. Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris played themselves and for a full-length feature in  Safe at Home (1962). Former Rams star Elroy Hirsch also played himself, but this more than a cameo, as he was the star of his biopic Crazylegs, All-American (1953). Subsequently, he starred in the non-sports offerings Unchained (1955) and Zero Hour (1957)

With not much to interest the newspapers in Mike Henry beyond beefcake photos, the marketeers majored on producer Sy Weintraub, who had begun his career in television syndication, and was credited with originating the concept of the “Late Show.” As president of Motion Pictures for Television, he ushered in the gold rush of buying up old movies for small screens. He also owned a TV and radio station, but he sold up all these interests to finance the purchase of the rights to Tarzan in 1958.

Tarzan had been around for so long on the silver screen that one of the more interesting promotional ideas was to offer a free ticket to anyone who could recall seeing the first Tarzan Elmo Lincoln  back in 1918..

The advertising taglines emphasized danger: “barehanded combat with a wild jaguar,” “vicious man-eating piranhas,” “blazing volcano”, “savage tribes,” and “risking his life to save his woman.” It was rather a bold claim that the picture offered “more heart-stopping adventure than anything on the screen now.”

While the Pressbook was A3 in size, it was limited to just six pages. There were only two advertisements rather than the half-dozen-plus that were common. Having said that, the character must already have been imprinted on the public mind so possibly there was little point trying to say more.

Behind the Scenes: United Artists’ Mea Culpa – Why Flops Flopped, 1969-1971 – Part One

United Artists – one of the biggest box office hitters of the 1960s – should have emerged relatively unscathed from the financial tsunami of the end of the decade. While pictures like its The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968) certainly hit the buffers, it wasn’t in the position of having to swallow the titanic losses suffered by rivals Paramount (Darling Lili, 1968) or Twentieth Century Fox (Star!, 1968, Justine, 1969).  Even though the studio’s banker, the James Bond series, suffered a downturn in the absence of Sean Connery, On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (1969) still turned a decent profit.

However, when, in 1970, UA was staring down the barrel of a $50 million loss, the cause was more commonplace. Audiences worldwide had changed. Though every studio had followed trends taking them into youth-oriented pictures after Easy Rider (1969) and into more adult realms following Oscar-winner Midnight Cowboy (1969) and indulged the whims of a new generation of directors, something just did not add up. The studio believed it had, based on previous releases, invested in a solid range of movies, that overall would contain strong appeal.

For movies released between 1969 and 1971, UA had spent $80 million. But even before one-third of this output hit the screens in 1971, the studio was already projecting a colossal loss of $50 million, even after including sales to television.

Results in 1970 proved a shock to the system. “For the first time since the present management team assumed control of the company,” reported an internal memo dated February 28, 1971, “very few pictures released through the year showed promise of recouping their negative costs. It became clear that pictures which by our own experience would have brought back their costs or better in other years, would suffer severe losses in 1970. This was true of pictures in all cost brackets, high and low.”

And “after six uninterrupted years of substantial profits,” the studio was struggling to explain this sudden downturn. The situation was even more calamitous because the movies UA had readied for 1971 release were already expected to fare badly. In the light of changes in the marketplace, most of these movies would not have been greenlit in 1970 or made on reduced budgets.

Of course, the studio did not entirely blame itself. “The thirty-five films could not have been  fully and properly evaluated in 1969. The conditions revealing the need for reevaluation…did not occur until 1970.” And even then, the “ominous” signs were only obvious towards the end of the year. Adventurous and more formulaic pictures alike foundered at the global box office.

In an act of mea culpa, United Artists set out the reasons why their flops had flopped. Their output broke down into roughly three sectors – star-led product, risky projects investing in new directors, and movies that targeted critical acclaim or appealed at least initially to the arthouse brigade.

Audience rejection of movies featuring big stars was the biggest pill to swallow.

Of Hornet’s Nest (1969), the studio observed: “In the early and mid-1960s pictures with Rock Hudson as star would do global grosses justifying the cost at which this picture was made. A typical run-of-the-mill action picture of this nature used to be a sound commodity if made within this price range. Our experience with, for instance, The File of the Golden Goose (Yul Brynner, 1969) and Young Billy Young (Robert Mitchum, 1969) made it clear that the global audience for this kind of picture had shrunk considerably and that a substantial loss appeared inevitable.”  

Furthermore, the studio, commenting on the poor performance of Cannon for Cordoba (George Peppard, 1970), noted that “in 1970 there was a marked change in global acceptance of western and adventure films. The results of films of other companies – for instance Mackenna’s Gold (Columbia, 1969), Murphy’s War (Paramount, 1971), The Last Valley (ABC Pictures, 1971) – as well as our own Play Dirty (1968) and Bridge at Remagen (1969), indicated the need for a substantial downward revision in assessing proper budget costs for pictures in this category, even with the so-called big name action stars.”

All had boasted top marquee names – Gregory Peck, Omar Sharif, Michael Caine, Peter O’Toole and George Segal.

Others in this vein expected to suffer in the same way included The Hawaiians (1970) headlined by Charlton Heston, Doc (1971) starring Stacy Keach and Faye Dunaway and Burt Lancaster pair Valdez Is Coming (1971) and Lawman (1971) – though in fact the last-named was saved from box office ignominy by foreign receipts.

The studio concluded: “Pictures with this kind of star are still a commodity but at half the cost.”

Another category, exemplified by the British-made second Bulldog Drummond outing, Some Girls Do (1969) starring Richard Johnson, was equally affected. “When this picture was programmed,” noted the studio, “many low budget action adventure thrillers had enjoyed a certain global audience – enough to warrant making pictures of this type at this cost. By the end of 1970, this market had dwindled sharply. Whether it is a surfeit of TV programs of a similar nature or a greater selectivity generally – based probably on increasing alternatives for leisure time activity – the fact is that for this type of picture it has to be made at less than half the cost or not at all.”

Included in this category were films like Crossplot (1969) starring Roger Moore, and I Start Counting (1970) featuring Jenny Agutter. However, the latter was considered as much of an artistic failure, attracting the following comment: “An attempt to do a high quality suspense thriller turned out to be an unimaginative second feature of no importance in any market.”

SOURCE: “Comments supplementing notes to Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations of United Artists Corporation for 1970,” United Artists Archive, Box 1 Folder 12 (Wisconsin Center for Theater and Film Research).

The General’s Daughter (1999) *****

“It never happened.” The most heinous words in the vocabulary of the powerful male casts a sharp contemporary light in the wake of MeToo and other scandals on the litany of personal and institutional abuse inflicted on woman. Speak up and careers will be ruined, institutions will be permanently damaged. Keep quiet and you’ll receive quiet reward, promotion maybe, a better job, some cash, all coming with the restrictions of an NDA, perhaps guilt and a guarantee that truth will remain hidden and  perpetrators go free.

In today’s society this carries far more emotional firepower than it did back in the day when the outcome was viewed as a typical twist in a better-than-average crime tale driven by an unexpectedly powerful performance by John Travolta, then in his prime.

It’s multiple rape and carried out in the most horrific manner, the victim staked out, the faces of the rapists concealed by camouflage and masks in a military exercise. And as always, it’s not about unsated lust, but power, the need of the male to bring down a rising female star cadet, general’s daughter Elisabeth Campbell (Leslie Stefanson) whose talent is putting them in the shade.   

That’s the discovery but it’s not the mystery. The mystery is why would this act be repeated a decade later, apparently as a voluntary act, as if the woman is so humiliated and has lost all her self-worth that she inflicts this act upon herself. It’s a single rape this time, but she’s still staked out, spreadeagled, and it’s on a spare piece of ground in a military barracks. But it’s the last time she’ll suffer in this particular fashion because she’s been murdered.

“Soldier first, cop second.” That’s the dilemma facing army detective Paul Brenner (John Travolta). Even though he’s revealed from the outset as a not-to-be-messed-with cop, that might work when he’s arresting minor criminals, but it’s going to be sorely tested when he’s confronted by the might of the U.S. Army which has already successfully buried the first crime.

Brenner teams up with ex-girlfriend rape specialist Sara Sunhill (Madeleine Stowe) and after some initial snippy conflict they soon work together as an effective team with flirting back on the agenda and Sara proving herself capable of the kind of deceit that clever cops require to snare suspects.  

There’s almost a roll-call of suspects because Elisabeth, now a captain in Psych-Ops, has left open to blackmail a whole bunch of married men after having sex with them. Her promiscuity can’t be called out because that would reflect badly on her father, about-to-retire war hero General Campbell (James Cromwell), base commander at Fort McCallum. But she is so indiscriminate in her choice of lovers that it appears like a campaign of psychological warfare against her father, who was stationed in Germany at the time of the initial rape.

So among those investigated are Col Kent (Timorthy Hutton), Col Moore (James Woods), Capt Ekby (Boyd Kestner) and the local police chief’s son. The general’s adjutant Col Fowler (Clarence Williams III) behaves in a threatening manner.

So while this follows some of the rules of the genre and invents others, with missing evidence, attacks on the investigators, charm and brute force part of Brenner’s make-up, as well as inveterate stubbornness, the core is an examination of power. Brenner is subjected to the same threat, maintaining a code of omerta for the good of the institution and its apparently good reputation in the area of female recruits.

Apart from the rapists who get off scot-free, the only other person to benefit from the horrific rape is the general, who receives a promotion for convincing his daughter that she imagined it. The general witnesses the second stake-out. That’s its whole point, to show him what she went through and to get him to admit he let her down. But he turns his back, leaving her staked out naked so someone else can come along, rape her and shut her up for good.

The implications of this are so venomous that you can hardly believe it except you know full well that running parallel to an ongoing epidemic of rape and abuse is an ongoing epidemic of cover-up. “You can’t handle the truth” was never more baldly stated.  

This doesn’t belong to the pantheon of great pictures due to the direction or acting, though that is more than solid on both counts, but because it reveals in brutal unsparing detail the impact of the crime upon the victim and the tendency for an institution to cover-up illegal act in order to protect itself and its personnel.

We are all more aware these days that rape is a weapon against women and hasn’t gone away although powerful figures – Jeffrey Epstein and Harvey Weinstein, for example – are being indicted. The crime used to be seen as the act of an individual working alone but now we know that in many instances the perpetrators can’t get away with it unless other powerful people are turning a blind eye.

The scene where General Campbell, visiting his daughter in hospital, seeing her battered and bloodied and in emotional hell, and telling her effectively to turn the other cheek makes your blood run cold.

John Travolta, back on track following some lean years before pitching up in Pulp Fiction (1995), is excellent as is Madeleine Stowe (Bad Girls, 1994) while James Woods (Any Given Sunday, 1999) offers one of his better characterizations. When Leslie Stefanson (Unbreakable, 2000) calls out, “Daddy,” it’ll break your heart.

But for all the wrong reasons the picture belongs to James Cromwell. You’ll never forget this contemptible father.

Directed by Simon West (The Mechanic, 2011) from a screenplay by William Goldman (Harper, 1966) and Christopher Bertolini (Battle Los Angeles, 2011) from the Nelson DeMille bestseller.

I can’t get this out of my mind. Netflix has it.

The Innocents (1961) ***

One description of this film’s prequel The Nightcomers (1972) was that, even with the overt sex and violence, it was an arthouse picture masquerading as a horror movie. And obviously absent the sex and violence that’s how I feel about this one. I’m of the old-fashioned school when it comes to horror – once in a while I expect to jump. The biggest problem here is that fear is telegraphed in the face of governess Miss Giddens (Deborah Kerr). Instead of the audience being allowed to register terror, all the tension is sapped away by one look of her terrified face.

Atmospheric? Yes! Scary? No.

Certainly, the set-up is likely to spark the darkest imaginations. Orphans Miles (Martin Stephens) and Flora (Pamela Franklin) are abandoned by their uncle (Michael Redgrave) who wants to spent his time enjoying himself in faraway London without having to bother about the care of the minors. The governesses he installs are given carte blanche to deal with any situation that arises – as long as they don’t concern him with it. And he’s so disinterested in the children’s welfare that he hires a completely inexperienced governess in Miss Giddens despite the fact that the previous occupant of the post, Miss Jessel, had died in mysterious circumstances and a little digging would have revealed that she lived a hellish life under the thumb of valet Quint.

The kids appear somewhat telepathetic or telekinetic – Flora knows Miles is coming home before Miss Giddens does, Miles knows when the governess is standing outside his door. They’re maybe a too bit self-indulgent – Flora enjoys watching a spider munch on a butterfly and isn’t above finding out if her pet tortoise can swim, while Miles has Miss Giddens in a neck stranglehold.

But it’s unlikely the children are summoning ghosts – Quint appears to Miss Giddens at the top of a tower and again peering in through a window, Miss Jessel turns up, too, and I lost count of the number of disembodied voices. The ghosts it turns out have taken possession of the children in order to continue their relationship.

And while this is all very clever it does not chill you to the bone. The children are not as cute as they need to be to make this work. You get the impression, given half the chance, they would happily turn into little savages and experiment with all manner of cruelty. And that would occur whether there was the likes of Quint around to lead them astray because the adults in their lives are so selfish and set the wrong kinds of standards. But with the focus perennially on the trembling Miss Giddens, there’s little chance of getting inside the heads of the children.

Since jump scares are not in director Jack Clayton’s cinematic vocabulary, the best scenes are not visual, but verbal, housekeeper Mrs Grose (Meg Jenkins) filling the governess in on the unequal relationship between Quint and Miss Jessel, Flora imagining rooms getting bigger in the darkness (effectively more dark), Miles seeing a hand at the bottom of the lake.

There’s certainly an elegiac tone and the camera clearly sets out to destabilise the audience but that’s just so obvious it seems more an arthouse ploy than a horror schematic.

This was start of Deborah Kerr (Prudence and the Pill,1968) playing psychologically distorted characters. Over the previous decade she had revelled in a screen persona that saw her playing the female lead (sometimes the top-billed star) opposite the biggest male marquee names of the era – Burt Lancaster (twice), Cary Grant (twice), Yul Brynner (twice), Gregory Peck, William Holden, Robert Mitchum (three times), David Niven (twice), Gary Cooper. Now she turned fragile and that screen persona, introduced here, would see her through the next decade.

So she’s both very good and very bad here. Her character facially registers her inner thoughts but those too often get in the way of the audience. I found the kids more limited in their roles, not through acting inexperience, but through narrative restriction.

Jack Clayton (Dark of the Sun, 1968) directs from a screenplay by Truman Capote (In Cold Blood, 1967) and William Archibald (I Confess, 1953) from the celebrated Henry James story.

A bit too artificial for my taste. Probably heresy to admit it but I preferred the prequel.

Discover WordPress

A daily selection of the best content published on WordPress, collected for you by humans who love to read.

The Atavist Magazine

by Brian Hannan

WordPress.com News

The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community.